Technology and Learning Styles
I will introduce a simple idea about the multiple intelligences and after that I will introduce how technology can enhance this intelligence in brief. According to this theory, "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves. Individuals differ in the strength of these intelligences.
I am going to deal with the learning styles and how the technology can enhance them as follows:
1- Visual-Spatial:
The learners are very aware of their environments. They like to draw, do jigsaw puzzles and read maps. They can be taught through drawings, verbal and physical imagery. Tools include models, graphics, charts, photographs, drawings, 3-D modeling, video, videoconferencing, television, multimedia and texts with pictures/charts/graphs.
Technology can play a great role with this type of learners. Many technological items can be used with this learning style as follows:
1- Visual learning. Slides, filmstrips, and movies
2- The VCR is a flexible and adaptable tool that can be utilized for innumerable educational purposes.
3- The interactive videodisc (IVD). For example Geographic Television (GTV) is currently one of the most recent developments in interactive video for the classroom.
4- IBM's Speech Viewer for those with speech difficulties where they can actually see their speaking patterns
5- Computers allow visually oriented students to learn through their strengths as they interact with the technology.
6- HyperCard or LinkWay software: the students can create multimedia reports.
7- Scholastic "Slide Shop is a program for creating computerized slide shows, producing audiovisual aids for talks, video title and credit screens
8- Interactive videodiscs are also becoming more available in the classroom
2- Bodily-kinesthetic
The learner uses the body effectively, for example a dancer or a surgeon. They keen sense of body awareness. They like movement, making things and touching. They communicate well through body language and are taught through physical activity, acting out and role playing. Tools include equipment and real objects.
For technology, this type of intelligence can be enhanced as follows:
1- Computers rely mostly on eye-hand coordination for their operation for example: keyboarding and the use of the mouse or touch-screen. This kinesthetic activity reinforces learning and makes the student an active participant in the learning process.
2- Video games engage the player and increase his skilful physical response to the challenges.
3- Programs such as "Lego Logo" offer ways to connect the computer to external manipulative.
5- Multi-media technology also involves much actual physical activity as information is gathered from databanks, books, and photos
3- Musical
The learners show sensitivity to rhythm and sound. They love music, but they are also sensitive to sounds in their environments. They may study better with music in the background. They can be taught by turning lessons into lyrics, speaking rhythmically, and tapping out time. Tools include musical instruments, music, radio, stereo, CD-ROM and multimedia.
The development of musical intelligence can be enhanced by technology in the same way that verbal fluency is enhanced by word-processors as follows:
1- Digital technology, which combines digital audio with visual input, makes it possible for many students to learn about elements of music that are often too complicated for beginners to understand.
2- Interactive videodiscs on music make it possible to "break out" and hear individual instruments
4- Interpersonal
They are marked by understanding and interacting with others. These students learn through interaction. They have many friends, empathy for others, and street smarts. They can be taught through group activities, seminars, and dialogues. Tools include the telephone, audio conferencing, time and attention from the instructor, video conferencing, writing, computer conferencing and E-mail.
For technology, when students use computers in pairs or small groups, comprehension and learning are facilitated and accelerated.
1- Students can be videotaped as they give a presentation or performance. Groups of students can discuss their observations of each other,
2- The Internet, which is a network of computer networks, includes thousands of networks used by millions of people of all ages. For educators, telecommunications networks offer an important resource and support system.
5-Intrapersonal
The learner is marked by understanding one's own interests, and goals. These learners tend to shy away from others. They're in tune with their inner feelings. They have wisdom, intuition and motivation, as well as a strong will, confidence and opinions. They can be taught through independent study and introspection. Tools include books, creative materials, diaries, privacy and time are fruitful with them. They are the most independent of the learners.
The development of intrapersonal intelligence can be facilitated through:
1- The use of technology to explore and expand the human mind. Technology offers the means to pursue a line of thought in great depth as well as to have random access to divergent ideas.
2- Individual student learning or personal growth plans can be well facilitated through computer programs that make possible on-going modifications or revisions, as well as the recording of accomplishments in the form of electronic or multimedia portfolios of student work.
6- Logical -Mathematical
They reason, calculate and think conceptually, abstractly and are able to see and explore patterns and relationships. They like to experiment, solve puzzles, and ask cosmic questions. They can be taught through logic games, investigations, and mysteries. They need to learn and form concepts before they can deal with details.
Logical-Mathematical intelligence can be exercised and developed through many challenging and innovative kinds of multimedia technology. Students of every ability level can learn effectively through interesting software programs that offer immediate feedback and go far beyond drill and practice and "workbooks on computers." Many of them offer challenging opportunities to exercise and develop higher order thinking skills that are essential in problem-solving.
7- Linguistic
The learners use words effectively. These learners have highly developed auditory skills and often think in words. They like reading, playing word games, making up poetry or stories. They can be taught by encouraging them to say and see words, read books together. Tools include computers, games, multimedia, books, and tape recorders are helpful for them.
Technology enhances this learning style as follows:
1- The computer encourages students to revise and rewrite compositions and thus develop greater fluency and a more effective style.
2- Recopying by hand or typewriter often inhibits ongoing correction and revision, but the computer facilitates these processes and gives students a greater sense of control over their writing.
3- Technology is having an enormous impact on the development of speaking skills.
4- Computer has enhanced writing skills, so audiotape-recording, video-taping, and video-conferencing are having positive effects on oral fluency. When students observe and hear themselves speaking, they learn to express themselves effectively.
5- Technology offers new communication and learning opportunities to students with multiple handicaps and "different abilities.
I will introduce a simple idea about the multiple intelligences and after that I will introduce how technology can enhance this intelligence in brief. According to this theory, "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves. Individuals differ in the strength of these intelligences.
I am going to deal with the learning styles and how the technology can enhance them as follows:
1- Visual-Spatial:
The learners are very aware of their environments. They like to draw, do jigsaw puzzles and read maps. They can be taught through drawings, verbal and physical imagery. Tools include models, graphics, charts, photographs, drawings, 3-D modeling, video, videoconferencing, television, multimedia and texts with pictures/charts/graphs.
Technology can play a great role with this type of learners. Many technological items can be used with this learning style as follows:
1- Visual learning. Slides, filmstrips, and movies
2- The VCR is a flexible and adaptable tool that can be utilized for innumerable educational purposes.
3- The interactive videodisc (IVD). For example Geographic Television (GTV) is currently one of the most recent developments in interactive video for the classroom.
4- IBM's Speech Viewer for those with speech difficulties where they can actually see their speaking patterns
5- Computers allow visually oriented students to learn through their strengths as they interact with the technology.
6- HyperCard or LinkWay software: the students can create multimedia reports.
7- Scholastic "Slide Shop is a program for creating computerized slide shows, producing audiovisual aids for talks, video title and credit screens
8- Interactive videodiscs are also becoming more available in the classroom
2- Bodily-kinesthetic
The learner uses the body effectively, for example a dancer or a surgeon. They keen sense of body awareness. They like movement, making things and touching. They communicate well through body language and are taught through physical activity, acting out and role playing. Tools include equipment and real objects.
For technology, this type of intelligence can be enhanced as follows:
1- Computers rely mostly on eye-hand coordination for their operation for example: keyboarding and the use of the mouse or touch-screen. This kinesthetic activity reinforces learning and makes the student an active participant in the learning process.
2- Video games engage the player and increase his skilful physical response to the challenges.
3- Programs such as "Lego Logo" offer ways to connect the computer to external manipulative.
5- Multi-media technology also involves much actual physical activity as information is gathered from databanks, books, and photos
3- Musical
The learners show sensitivity to rhythm and sound. They love music, but they are also sensitive to sounds in their environments. They may study better with music in the background. They can be taught by turning lessons into lyrics, speaking rhythmically, and tapping out time. Tools include musical instruments, music, radio, stereo, CD-ROM and multimedia.
The development of musical intelligence can be enhanced by technology in the same way that verbal fluency is enhanced by word-processors as follows:
1- Digital technology, which combines digital audio with visual input, makes it possible for many students to learn about elements of music that are often too complicated for beginners to understand.
2- Interactive videodiscs on music make it possible to "break out" and hear individual instruments
4- Interpersonal
They are marked by understanding and interacting with others. These students learn through interaction. They have many friends, empathy for others, and street smarts. They can be taught through group activities, seminars, and dialogues. Tools include the telephone, audio conferencing, time and attention from the instructor, video conferencing, writing, computer conferencing and E-mail.
For technology, when students use computers in pairs or small groups, comprehension and learning are facilitated and accelerated.
1- Students can be videotaped as they give a presentation or performance. Groups of students can discuss their observations of each other,
2- The Internet, which is a network of computer networks, includes thousands of networks used by millions of people of all ages. For educators, telecommunications networks offer an important resource and support system.
5-Intrapersonal
The learner is marked by understanding one's own interests, and goals. These learners tend to shy away from others. They're in tune with their inner feelings. They have wisdom, intuition and motivation, as well as a strong will, confidence and opinions. They can be taught through independent study and introspection. Tools include books, creative materials, diaries, privacy and time are fruitful with them. They are the most independent of the learners.
The development of intrapersonal intelligence can be facilitated through:
1- The use of technology to explore and expand the human mind. Technology offers the means to pursue a line of thought in great depth as well as to have random access to divergent ideas.
2- Individual student learning or personal growth plans can be well facilitated through computer programs that make possible on-going modifications or revisions, as well as the recording of accomplishments in the form of electronic or multimedia portfolios of student work.
6- Logical -Mathematical
They reason, calculate and think conceptually, abstractly and are able to see and explore patterns and relationships. They like to experiment, solve puzzles, and ask cosmic questions. They can be taught through logic games, investigations, and mysteries. They need to learn and form concepts before they can deal with details.
Logical-Mathematical intelligence can be exercised and developed through many challenging and innovative kinds of multimedia technology. Students of every ability level can learn effectively through interesting software programs that offer immediate feedback and go far beyond drill and practice and "workbooks on computers." Many of them offer challenging opportunities to exercise and develop higher order thinking skills that are essential in problem-solving.
7- Linguistic
The learners use words effectively. These learners have highly developed auditory skills and often think in words. They like reading, playing word games, making up poetry or stories. They can be taught by encouraging them to say and see words, read books together. Tools include computers, games, multimedia, books, and tape recorders are helpful for them.
Technology enhances this learning style as follows:
1- The computer encourages students to revise and rewrite compositions and thus develop greater fluency and a more effective style.
2- Recopying by hand or typewriter often inhibits ongoing correction and revision, but the computer facilitates these processes and gives students a greater sense of control over their writing.
3- Technology is having an enormous impact on the development of speaking skills.
4- Computer has enhanced writing skills, so audiotape-recording, video-taping, and video-conferencing are having positive effects on oral fluency. When students observe and hear themselves speaking, they learn to express themselves effectively.
5- Technology offers new communication and learning opportunities to students with multiple handicaps and "different abilities.
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